Chitsogozo Choyambira Pachitetezo Chowotcherera!

Kuwotcherera ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, monga zomangamanga, kupanga, ndi kukonza magalimoto.Ngakhale kuwotcherera ndi luso lofunikira, kumaphatikizaponso zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse kuvulala koopsa ngati njira zotetezera sizitsatiridwa.Upangiri woyambira uyu cholinga chake ndi kupereka chidziwitso chokwanira pachitetezo chowotcherera, kuphatikiza zida zodzitetezera (PPE), machitidwe otetezeka a ntchito, ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.

Chifukwa Chiyani Chitetezo Ndi Chofunikira Pakuwotcherera?

Chitetezo ndichofunika kwambiri pakuwotchera pazifukwa zingapo:

Chitetezo Chaumwini:

Kuwotchera kumaphatikizapo zoopsa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kutentha kwambiri, zopsereza, ndi utsi woopsa.Njira zodzitetezera, monga kuvala zida zoyenera zodzitetezera (PPE), zimawonetsetsa kuti zowotcherera zimatetezedwa ku zowotcha, kuvulala kwamaso, zovuta za kupuma, ndi ziwopsezo zina zathanzi.

Kupewa Ngozi:

Ntchito zowotcherera nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito ndi malawi otseguka, kutentha kwambiri, ndi mafunde amagetsi.Kunyalanyaza njira zodzitetezera kungayambitse ngozi, monga moto, kuphulika, kugwedezeka kwamagetsi, ndi kugwa.Kutsatira njira zoyenera zotetezera kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha ngozi ndikupanga malo otetezeka ogwira ntchito.

Thanzi ndi Ubwino:

Kuwotcherera kumatulutsa utsi ndi mpweya womwe ungakhale wapoizoni ukauzira.Kukumana ndi zinthu izi kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse matenda a kupuma, matenda a m'mapapo, ndi zina zathanzi zomwe zatenga nthawi yayitali.Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera mpweya wabwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha kupuma, zowotcherera zimatha kuteteza thanzi lawo ndi thanzi lawo.

Kutsata Malamulo:

Maboma ndi mabungwe owongolera akhazikitsa malamulo otetezedwa ndi miyezo yoyendetsera ntchito zowotcherera.Kutsatira malamulowa sikofunikira kokha mwalamulo komanso kumatsimikizira kuti malo ogwirira ntchito amakwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo.Kutsatira malamulo achitetezo kumathandiza kupewa ngozi, kumateteza ogwira ntchito, komanso kupewa zilango kapena zotsatira zalamulo.

Zochita ndi Mwachangu:

Njira zotetezera, monga kuphunzitsidwa koyenera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyenera, zimathandiza kuti pakhale malo ogwira ntchito bwino komanso opindulitsa.Ogwira ntchito akamva kuti ali otetezeka komanso odzidalira m'malo omwe amakhala, amatha kuyang'ana kwambiri ntchito zawo popanda kuda nkhawa ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike.Izi zimabweretsa zokolola zambiri komanso ntchito zapamwamba.

Mbiri ndi Chikhulupiliro:

Makampani omwe amaika patsogolo chitetezo pantchito yawo yowotcherera amawonetsa kudzipereka kwawo paumoyo wa ogwira nawo ntchito.Kudzipereka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti antchito, makasitomala, komanso anthu onse azikhulupirirana.Mbiri yabwino yachitetezo ndi mbiri yoyika patsogolo chitetezo zitha kukopa ogwira ntchito aluso ndikukulitsa chithunzi cha kampani pamakampani.

Kupulumutsa Mtengo:

Kukhazikitsa njira zotetezera kungafunike ndalama zam'tsogolo, koma pamapeto pake kumabweretsa kupulumutsa ndalama pakapita nthawi.Kupewa ngozi ndi kuvulala kumachepetsa ndalama zachipatala, zopempha za chipukuta misozi za ogwira ntchito, komanso mangawa omwe angakhalepo mwalamulo.Kuphatikiza apo, malo ogwirira ntchito otetezeka amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zida, nthawi yocheperako, komanso kukonza kokwera mtengo.

Pomaliza, chitetezo ndi chofunikira powotchera kuti ateteze ogwira ntchito ku ngozi zomwe zingachitike, kupewa ngozi, kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, kutsatira malamulo, kukulitsa zokolola, komanso kupanga mbiri yabwino.Kuyika patsogolo chitetezo sikungoteteza moyo wa ma welders komanso kumathandizira kuti ntchito yowotcherera ikhale yogwira mtima komanso yopambana.

Kodi Zowopsa Zazikulu Zowotcherera Ndi Chiyani?

Pali zoopsa zingapo zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi kuwotcherera zomwe ma welder ayenera kudziwa ndikusamala nazo.Zowopsa izi ndi:

Arc Flash:

Arc flash ndi imodzi mwazowopsa kwambiri pakuwotcherera.Amatanthauza kutulutsa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuwala komwe kumachitika panthawi yowotcherera, makamaka panthawi yowotcherera arc monga shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) kapena gas metal arc welding (GMAW).Zingayambitse kutentha kwakukulu kwa khungu ndi maso ngati chitetezo choyenera sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito.Owotcherera amayenera kuvala chipewa chowotcherera chokhala ndi fyuluta yoyenera yozimitsira mdima kuti ateteze ku arc flash.

Zifukwa zazikulu za arc flash mu welding ndi:

Kuwonekera kwa ma radiation a UV ndi IR:

Zowotcherera zimatulutsa kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV) ndi infrared (IR) radiation.Ma radiation a UV angapangitse khungu kuyaka mofanana ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa, pamene kuwala kwa IR kungapangitse kutentha komwe kungayambitse kuyaka.Kuwonekera kwa ma radiation kwa nthawi yayitali popanda kutetezedwa koyenera kungayambitse kuyaka kwambiri komanso kuwonongeka kwanthawi yayitali.

Kuwala kwambiri ndi kutentha:

Kuwala kwa welding arc kumatha kuchititsa khungu ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kapena kosatha ngati maso satetezedwa bwino.Kutentha kwakukulu kopangidwa ndi arc kungayambitsenso kutentha kwa khungu, ngakhale patali ndi ntchito yowotcherera.

Kuti muteteze ku zoopsa za arc flash, ma welder ayenera kutsatira izi:

Valani chitetezo choyenera cha maso:

Chisoti chowotcherera chokhala ndi lens yamthunzi woyenera ndichofunikira kuti titeteze maso ku kuwala kwakukulu ndi ma radiation omwe amatulutsa pakuwotcherera.Mulingo wa mthunzi wa lens uyenera kusankhidwa potengera njira yowotcherera komanso kuchuluka kwake komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Gwiritsani ntchito zovala zoteteza:

Owotcherera ayenera kuvala zovala zosagwira moto, monga jekete yowotcherera kapena apuloni, kuti ateteze khungu lawo kuti lisapse, chitsulo chosungunula, ndi kutentha komwe kumachitika powotcherera.Ayeneranso kuvala malaya aatali, mathalauza, ndi nsapato zotsekeka.

Yambitsani mpweya wabwino:

Mpweya wabwino wokwanira ndi wofunikira kuti muchotse utsi ndi mpweya wowotcherera pamalo ogwirira ntchito.Mpweya wabwino umathandizira kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi zinthu zapoizoni komanso kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha kupuma.

Tsatirani ntchito zotetezeka:

Owotcherera zitsulo ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito mulibe zinthu zoyaka ndiponso kuti njira zopewera moto, monga zozimira moto, zikupezeka mosavuta.Kutsatira njira zowotcherera moyenera komanso kukhala kutali ndi arc kungathandizenso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha arc flash.

Landirani maphunziro oyenera:

Owotcherera amayenera kuphunzitsidwa za zoopsa za arc flash, njira zodzitetezera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera.Ayenera kudziwa za njira zoyankhira mwadzidzidzi pakachitika ngozi ya arc flash.

Pomvetsetsa kuopsa kwa arc flash ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zotetezera, owotcherera amatha kudziteteza ku zoopsa ndi kuchepetsa mwayi woyaka kwambiri ndi kuvulala kwa maso.

Utsi ndi Gasi:

Kuwotcherera kumatulutsa utsi ndi mpweya wapoizoni, monga ozoni, ma nitrogen oxides, ndi utsi wachitsulo.Kukumana ndi zinthu izi kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse matenda a kupuma, matenda a m'mapapo, ndi zina zaumoyo.Owotcherera amayenera kuonetsetsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito ali ndi mpweya wabwino kuti achotse zonyansazi ndikugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha kupuma, monga zopumira kapena masks, monga momwe akulimbikitsira.Zowopsa zazikulu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi utsi wowotcherera ndi mpweya ndi monga:

Mavuto a kupuma:

Kukoka utsi wowotcherera ndi mpweya kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana za kupuma, monga kuwotcherera fume fever, bronchitis, mphumu, ndi matenda ena am'mapapo.Kukumana ndi zinthu zimenezi kwa nthawi yaitali kungayambitse matenda aakulu.

Metal fume fever:

Metal fume fever ndi matenda ngati chimfine omwe amayamba chifukwa chokoka utsi wachitsulo, makamaka utsi wa zinc oxide.Zizindikiro zake ndi kutentha thupi, kuzizira, mutu, nseru, ndi kuwawa kwa minofu.Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosakhalitsa, kuwonetseredwa mobwerezabwereza kungayambitse matenda aakulu.

Mipweya Yowopsa:

Njira zowotcherera zimatulutsa mpweya wapoizoni, monga ozoni, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ndi ma oxides osiyanasiyana achitsulo.Kukoka mipweya imeneyi kungayambitse kupsa mtima, chizungulire, nseru, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, kupuma movutikira kapena poyizoni.

Zinthu za Carcinogenic:

Utsi wina wowotcherera uli ndi zinthu zoyambitsa khansa, monga hexavalent chromium, faifi tambala, ndi cadmium.Kukumana ndi zinthu zimenezi kwa nthawi yaitali kungachititse kuti munthu adwale khansa ya m’mapapo, yapakhosi, kapenanso mitundu ina ya khansa.

Kuti achepetse zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha utsi wowotcherera ndi mpweya, ma welder ayenera kutsatira izi:

Onetsetsani mpweya wabwino:

Mpweya wabwino wokwanira ndi wofunikira kuti muchotse utsi ndi mpweya wowotcherera pamalo ogwirira ntchito.Makina olowera mpweya wotuluka m'deralo, monga zokopera utsi kapena zotsekera, zigwiritsidwe ntchito pojambula ndi kuchotsa utsi womwe umachokera.Mpweya wabwinobwino, monga mafani kapena zitseko/mazenera otsegula, zingathandizenso kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino.

Gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo cha kupuma:

Pamene mpweya wolowera mpweya suli wokwanira kapena pogwira ntchito m’malo otsekeredwa, zowotcherera ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera kupuma moyenerera, monga zopumira kapena masks, kuti zisefe utsi ndi mpweya woipa.Kusankhidwa kwa chopumira kuyenera kutengera njira yowotcherera komanso mtundu wa zonyansa zomwe zilipo.

Sankhani njira ndi zinthu zomwe zimatulutsa mpweya wochepa:

Njira zina zowotcherera zimatulutsa utsi ndi mpweya wocheperako poyerekeza ndi zina.Mwachitsanzo, kuwotcherera kwa chitsulo cha gasi (GMAW) kokhala ndi waya wolimba nthawi zambiri kumatulutsa utsi wocheperapo kuposa kuwotcherera kwa flux-cored arc (FCAW).Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotsika komanso zotsika mtengo kungathandizenso kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni.

Malo ogwirira ntchito azikhala aukhondo:

Nthawi zonse yeretsani malo ogwirira ntchito kuti muchotse fumbi, zinyalala, ndi utsi.Kutaya zinyalala koyenera kwa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito, monga ma spools opanda waya kapena maelekitirodi ogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikofunikiranso kupewa kukhudzana ndi zinthu zowopsa.

Landirani maphunziro oyenera:

Owotcherera ayenera kuphunzitsidwa za zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi utsi wowotcherera ndi mpweya, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mpweya wabwino ndi chitetezo cha kupuma.Kumvetsetsa zoopsazo ndikukhazikitsa njira zoyenera zotetezera ndikofunikira kuti muteteze ku zoopsazi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezerazi komanso kudziwa zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha utsi wowotcherera ndi mpweya, ma welder amatha kuteteza thanzi lawo la kupuma ndikuchepetsa chiwopsezo chokhala ndi thanzi lalitali.

Kugwedezeka kwa Magetsi:

Kugwedezeka kwamagetsi ndi vuto lina lalikulu pakuwotcherera.Kuwotcherera kumaphatikizapo mafunde amphamvu amagetsi omwe angayambitse kugwedezeka kwa magetsi ngati palibe njira zodzitetezera.Owotcherera apewe kukhudza mbali zamagetsi zamoyo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zowotcherera zakhazikika bwino.Kuyang'ana zingwe zomwe zawonongeka ndikupewa kukhudzana ndi malo onyowa kapena madzi pomwe mukuwotcherera ndikofunikiranso kupewa kugwedezeka kwamagetsi.Zowopsa zazikulu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwamagetsi pakuwotcherera ndi monga:

Kuwotcha:

Kugwedezeka kwamagetsi kungayambitse kutentha kwakukulu kwa khungu ndi ziwalo zamkati.Kutentha kopangidwa ndi magetsi kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndipo kungafunike chithandizo chamankhwala.

Kumangidwa kwa mtima:

Kugwedezeka kwamagetsi kungayambitse kumangidwa kwa mtima, yomwe ndi ngozi yachipatala yomwe imafuna chisamaliro chamsanga.Mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kusokoneza kayimbidwe kabwino ka mtima, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtima umangidwe mwadzidzidzi.

Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha:

Kugwedezeka kwamagetsi kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, zomwe zingayambitse dzanzi, kumva phokoso, kapena kutaya mphamvu m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa.Pazovuta kwambiri, zingayambitse ziwalo kapena kutaya mphamvu kwa minofu.

Kuti achepetse zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwamagetsi, ma welder ayenera kutsatira izi:

Gwiritsani ntchito maziko oyenera:

Zida zonse zowotcherera ziyenera kukhazikika bwino kuti zipewe kugwedezeka kwamagetsi.Makina owotcherera, chogwirira ntchito, ndi tebulo lowotcherera ziyenera kulumikizidwa ndi chingwe choyatsira pansi kuti zitsimikizire kuti njira iliyonse yosokera ndiyolunjika pansi.

Yang'anani zida pafupipafupi:

Zida zowotcherera zimayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse kuti ziwone ngati zatha, monga zingwe zophwanyika kapena zowonongeka.Zida zowonongeka ziyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti zisawonongeke magetsi.

Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyenera zodzitetezera:

Owotchera ayenera kuvala zida zodzitetezera zoyenera, monga magolovesi a rabara ndi nsapato, kuti adziteteze ku kugwedezeka kwa magetsi.Magolovesi ndi nsapato ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse ngati zizindikiro zawonongeka.

Pewani kunyowa:

Kuwotcherera sikuyenera kuchitidwa pamvula kapena pamalo onyowa.Kunyowa kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kugwedezeka kwamagetsi, chifukwa madzi ndiwoyendetsa bwino magetsi.

Landirani maphunziro oyenera:

Owotcherera amayenera kuphunzitsidwa za zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwamagetsi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zida zowotcherera.Kumvetsetsa zoopsazo ndikukhazikitsa njira zoyenera zotetezera ndikofunikira kuti muteteze ku zoopsazi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezerazi komanso kudziwa zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwedezeka kwa magetsi powotcherera, owotcherera amatha kudziteteza ku chiopsezo chovulala ndikuonetsetsa kuti malo ogwira ntchito ali otetezeka.

Moto ndi Kuphulika:

Moto ndi kuphulika ndizoopsa kwambiri pakuwotcherera.Njere ndi zitsulo zotentha zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi yowotcherera zimatha kuyatsa zinthu zoyaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale moto kapena kuphulika.Ndikofunikira kuchotsa zinthu zilizonse zomwe zitha kuyaka pamalo ogwirira ntchito komanso kukhala ndi njira zopewera moto, monga zozimitsa moto ndi zotchinga zosagwira moto.Ndi bwinonso kukhala ndi wotchi yozimitsa moto panthawi yowotcherera komanso ikatha.Zowopsa zazikulu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi moto ndi kuphulika kwa kuwotcherera ndi:

Kuyatsa kwa zinthu zoyaka moto:

Zowotcherera ndi kutentha zimatha kuyatsa zinthu zoyaka, monga zosungunulira, mafuta, ndi mpweya.Izi zingayambitse moto kapena kuphulika, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa katundu ndi kuvulaza antchito.

Fumbi loyaka:

Kuwotcherera kumapanga fumbi ndi zinyalala, zomwe zimatha kuyaka zikasakanikirana ndi mpweya.Ngati litayaka, fumbi loyatsa lingayambitse moto kapena kuphulika, komwe kungakhale koopsa kwambiri m'malo otsekedwa.

Kuchuluka kwa oxygen:

Njira zowotcherera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mpweya zimatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa okosijeni mumlengalenga, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa ngozi yamoto.Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kumatha kupangitsa kuti zinthu ziwotchedwe mosavuta ndipo zimatha kufalikira mwachangu.

Pofuna kuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha moto ndi kuphulika kwa kuwotcherera, ma welders ayenera kusamala zotsatirazi:

Malo ogwirira ntchito azikhala aukhondo:

Nthawi zonse yeretsani malo ogwirira ntchito kuti muchotse fumbi, zinyalala, ndi zinthu zoyaka moto.Kutaya zinyalala moyenerera kwa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito, monga ma spool a waya opanda kanthu kapena maelekitirodi ogwiritsidwa ntchito, n’kofunikanso kuti tipewe kuchulukana kwa zinthu zoyaka.

Gwiritsani ntchito mpweya wabwino:

Mpweya wabwino wokwanira ndi wofunikira kuti muchotse utsi ndi mpweya wowotcherera pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndikuletsa kuchuluka kwa fumbi loyaka.Makina olowera mpweya wotuluka m'deralo, monga zokopera utsi kapena zotsekera, zigwiritsidwe ntchito pojambula ndi kuchotsa utsi womwe umachokera.Mpweya wabwinobwino, monga mafani kapena zitseko/mazenera otsegula, zingathandizenso kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino.

Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyenera zodzitetezera:

Owotchera ayenera kuvala zida zodzitetezera zoyenera, monga zovala zosagwira moto, magolovesi, ndi nsapato, kuti adziteteze ku ngozi ya moto ndi kuphulika.

Pewani kuwotcherera pafupi ndi zida zoyaka:

Kuwotchera sikuyenera kuchitidwa pafupi ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyaka, monga zosungunulira, mafuta, ndi mpweya.Ngati kuwotcherera pafupi ndi zinthu zoyaka moto kuli kofunika, zipangizo zoyenera zozimitsira moto, monga zozimitsira moto, ziyenera kupezeka mosavuta.

Landirani maphunziro oyenera:

Owotcherera ayenera kuphunzitsidwa za zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi moto ndi kuphulika kwa kuwotcherera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zipangizo zozimitsira moto.Kumvetsetsa zoopsazo ndikukhazikitsa njira zoyenera zotetezera ndikofunikira kuti muteteze ku zoopsazi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezerazi komanso podziwa zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi moto ndi kuphulika kwa kuwotcherera, owotcherera amatha kudziteteza ku chiopsezo chovulala ndikuonetsetsa kuti malo ogwira ntchito ali otetezeka.

Kuvulala kwa Maso ndi Khungu:

Kuvulala m'maso ndi pakhungu ndizowopsa zomwe zimafala pakuwotcherera.Kuwotcherera kumatulutsa kuwala, kutentha, ndi cheza, zomwe zimatha kuwononga maso ndi khungu ngati sizitetezedwa mokwanira.Zowopsa zazikulu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuvulala kwamaso ndi khungu pakuwotcherera ndi:

Arc Flash:

Arc flash ndi kutulutsa kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuwala komwe kumatha kuchitika panthawi yowotcherera.Zitha kupsa kwambiri m'maso ndi pakhungu ndipo zimatha kuwononga maso kosatha.

Utsi wowotcherera:

Utsi wowotcherera uli ndi zinthu zapoizoni, monga ma oxides achitsulo ndi mpweya, zomwe zingayambitse vuto la kupuma komanso kuyabwa pakhungu.Kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse matenda aakulu, monga khansa ya m'mapapo ndi fume fever.

Ma radiation a Ultraviolet (UV):

Kuwotcherera kumatulutsa kuwala kwa UV, komwe kumatha kuwononga maso ndi khungu.Kutentha kwa dzuwa kwa nthawi yaitali kungayambitse ng'ala, khansa yapakhungu, ndi matenda ena a khungu.

Kuti achepetse zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kuvulala kwamaso ndi khungu pakuwotcherera, ma welder ayenera kutsatira izi:

Gwiritsani ntchito zida zoyenera zodzitetezera:

Owotchera ayenera kuvala zida zodzitetezera zoyenera, monga zipewa zowotchera zokhala ndi magalasi odzidetsa okha, magalasi otetezera m’mbali, ndi zovala zosagwira moto, kuti adziteteze ku ngozi za kuwotcherera.

Gwiritsani ntchito mpweya wabwino:

Mpweya wabwino wokwanira ndi wofunikira kuti muchotse utsi ndi mpweya wowotcherera pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndikuletsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapoizoni.Makina olowera mpweya wotuluka m'deralo, monga zokopera utsi kapena zotsekera, zigwiritsidwe ntchito pojambula ndi kuchotsa utsi womwe umachokera.

Gwiritsani ntchito njira zowotcherera moyenera:

Njira zowotcherera moyenera, monga kukhala kutali ndi arc ndikupewa kuyang'ana molunjika pa arc, zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuvulala kwamaso ndi khungu.

Landirani maphunziro oyenera:

Owotcherera amayenera kuphunzitsidwa za kuopsa kwa maso ndi khungu powotcherera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zida zodzitetezera.Kumvetsetsa zoopsazo ndikukhazikitsa njira zoyenera zotetezera ndikofunikira kuti muteteze ku zoopsazi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezerazi komanso kudziwa zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuvulala kwa maso ndi khungu powotcherera, owotcherera amatha kudziteteza ku chiopsezo chovulala ndikuonetsetsa kuti malo ogwira ntchito ali otetezeka.

Phokoso:

Phokoso ndilowopsa kwambiri pakuwotcherera.Kuwotcherera kumapanga phokoso lalikulu, lomwe lingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa makutu ngati sikutetezedwa mokwanira.Zowopsa zazikulu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi phokoso pakuwotcherera ndi:

Kutaya kumva:

Kuwonetsa phokoso lambiri kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa makutu kosatha, monga kumva kutayika kapena tinnitus.Kukumana ndi phokoso kwanthawi yayitali kuposa ma decibel 85 (dB) kumatha kuwononga makutu.

Kuvuta kwa kulumikizana:

Phokoso lalikulu lingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kuti ogwira ntchito azilankhulana bwino, zomwe zingayambitse kusamvana komanso kuopsa kwa chitetezo.

Kuti achepetse zoopsa zobwera chifukwa cha phokoso la kuwotcherera, ma welder ayenera kutsatira izi:

Gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo chokwanira pamakutu:

Owotcherera ayenera kuvala zodzitetezera ku makutu zoyenerera, monga zotsekera m’makutu kapena zotsekera m’makutu, kuti adziteteze ku ngozi zaphokoso.Chitetezo chakumva chiyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi msinkhu wa phokoso ndi nthawi yowonekera.

Gwiritsani ntchito mpweya wabwino:

Mpweya wabwino wokwanira ndi wofunikira kuti muchotse utsi ndi mpweya wowotcherera pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndikuletsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapoizoni.Makina olowera mpweya wotuluka m'deralo, monga zopopera utsi kapena zotsekera, zigwiritsidwe ntchito kujambula ndi kuchotsa utsi womwe umachokera.Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa phokoso la malo ogwira ntchito.

Gwiritsani ntchito njira zowotcherera moyenera:

Njira zowotcherera moyenera, monga kugwiritsa ntchito makatani owotcherera kapena zowonera kuti mukhale ndi phokoso, zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha phokoso.

Landirani maphunziro oyenera:

Owotcherera amayenera kuphunzitsidwa za zoopsa zomwe zimachitika ndi phokoso la kuwotcherera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera chitetezo chakumva.Kumvetsetsa zoopsazo ndikukhazikitsa njira zoyenera zotetezera ndikofunikira kuti muteteze ku zoopsazi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezerazi komanso kudziwa zoopsa zomwe zimachitika ndi phokoso la kuwotcherera, owotcherera amatha kudziteteza ku chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa makutu ndikuonetsetsa kuti malo ogwira ntchito ali otetezeka.

Zowopsa za Ergonomic:

Zowopsa za Ergonomic zimatanthawuza zowopsa zomwe zingayambitse matenda a musculoskeletal (MSDs) ndi kuvulala kwina pakuwotcherera.Kuwotcherera nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito m'malo ovuta, kuyenda mobwerezabwereza, ndi kunyamula katundu.Zinthu izi zimatha kuyambitsa kuvulala kwa minofu ndi mafupa, monga kupsinjika, sprains, ndi zovuta zam'mbuyo.Zowopsa zazikulu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zovuta za ergonomic pakuwotcherera ndi monga:

Maonekedwe osasangalatsa:

Kuwotcherera nthawi zambiri kumafuna kuti ogwira ntchito azikhala osasunthika kwa nthawi yayitali, monga kupindika, kufika, kapena kupindika.Malowa amatha kusokoneza minofu ndi mafupa, zomwe zimayambitsa kusapeza bwino komanso kuvulala komwe kungachitike.

Kubwerezabwereza:

Ntchito zowotcherera nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kusuntha mobwerezabwereza, monga kuwotcherera mikanda kapena kugaya.Kuyenda mobwerezabwereza kungayambitse kuvulala mopitirira muyeso, monga tendonitis kapena carpal tunnel syndrome.

Kukweza kolemera:

Zida zowotcherera ndi zida zitha kukhala zolemetsa, zomwe zimafuna kuti ogwira ntchito azikweza pafupipafupi, kunyamula, kapena kukankha / kukoka pafupipafupi.Njira zonyamulira zosayenera kapena katundu wambiri zimatha kusokoneza msana ndikupangitsa kuvulala kwammbuyo.

Kuwonekera kwa vibration:

Zida zowotcherera, monga chopukusira kapena nyundo zowotchera, zimatha kutulutsa kunjenjemera komwe kumatha kupita m'manja ndi m'mikono.Kuwoneka kwa nthawi yayitali ku vibration kungayambitse matenda a hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) ndi matenda ena okhudzana nawo.

Kuti achepetse kuopsa kokhudzana ndi zovuta za ergonomic pakuwotcherera, ma welder ayenera kutsatira izi:

Khalani ndi machitidwe oyenera a thupi:

Ogwira ntchito akuyenera kuphunzitsidwa njira zoyenera zonyamulira ndi kuwongolera thupi kuti apewe kupsinjika kosayenera kwa minofu ndi mfundo.Izi zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito miyendo kukweza, kusunga msana wowongoka, ndi kupewa kupotoza.

Gwiritsani ntchito zida za ergonomic:

Owotcherera ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida za ergonomic, monga malo ogwirira ntchito osinthika, zida zowotcherera, kapena miyuni yowotcherera ya ergonomic, kuti achepetse kupsinjika kwa thupi ndikulimbikitsa kaimidwe koyenera.

Khalani ndi nthawi yopuma:

Kupuma pafupipafupi pa ntchito zowotcherera kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuvulala mopitirira muyeso.Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kusintha malo panthawi yopuma kungathandizenso kuchepetsa kutopa kwa minofu ndikulimbikitsa kuyenda kwa magazi.

Gwiritsani ntchito zida zothandizira:

Owotcherera ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zothandizira, monga zonyamulira kapena zida za ergonomic, kuti achepetse kupsinjika kwakuthupi komwe kumakhudzana ndi kunyamula katundu kapena ntchito zobwerezabwereza.

Pangani malo ogwirira ntchito ergonomically:

Malo opangira kuwotcherera amayenera kupangidwa kuti alimbikitse kaimidwe koyenera komanso kuchepetsa kupsinjika.Izi zikuphatikizapo kusintha kutalika kwa malo ogwirira ntchito, kupereka mateti oletsa kutopa, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti pali kuwala kokwanira.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezerazi ndikuzindikira zoopsa zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi nkhani za ergonomic mu kuwotcherera, owotcherera amatha kudziteteza ku chiopsezo cha matenda a minofu ndi mafupa ena, kuonetsetsa kuti malo ogwira ntchito ali otetezeka komanso athanzi.

Essential Welding Safety Equipment

Kuwotcherera ndi ntchito yoopsa yomwe imafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyenera zotetezera kuteteza wowotchera ndi ena m'deralo.Izi ndi zofunika zida chitetezo kuwotcherera:

Chipewa chowotcherera:

Chipewa chowotcherera ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chachitetezo cha wowotcherera.Zimateteza nkhope, maso, ndi khosi la wowotcherera ku kuwala, kutentha, ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe kumapangidwa powotcherera.Zipewa zowotcherera zimayenera kukhala ndi mandala amthunzi oyenerana ndi njira yowotcherera yomwe ikuchitika.

Magolovesi owotcherera:

Magolovesi owotcherera amateteza manja a wowotcherera ku kutentha, moto, ndi zitsulo zosungunuka zomwe zimapangidwa powotcherera.Ayenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira moto ndikupereka luso lokwanira pakuwotcherera.

Jekete yowotcherera:

Chovala chowotcherera chimateteza kumtunda kumoto, kutentha, ndi ma radiation opangidwa panthawi yowotcherera.Iyenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira moto ndikuphimba mikono, torso, ndi khosi.

Nsapato zowotcherera:

Nsapato zowotcherera zimateteza mapazi a wowotchera kuti asapse, kutentha, ndi zinthu zomwe zingagwe.Ayenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba, zosagwira moto komanso kuti azigwira bwino kuti asatengeke ndi kugwa.

Wopumira:

Kuwotcherera kumatulutsa utsi ndi mpweya womwe ungakhale wovulaza ngati utauzira.Chopumira chiyenera kuvalidwa kuteteza wowotchera kuti asapume muzinthu zovulazazi.Mtundu wopumira wofunikira umadalira momwe kuwotcherera ndi mtundu wa utsi wopangidwa.

Magalasi oteteza:

Magalasi oteteza maso amateteza maso a wowotcherera ku zinyalala zowuluka ndi moto.Ayenera kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwira ntchito ndikupereka chitetezo chakumbali.

Zovala m'makutu kapena zotsekera m'makutu:

Kuwotcherera kumatulutsa phokoso lalikulu lomwe lingawononge makutu a wowotcherayo.Zotsekera m'makutu kapena zotsekera m'makutu ziyenera kuvalidwa kuti ziteteze ku kuwonongeka kwa makutu.

Chozimitsa moto:

Chozimitsira moto chiyenera kupezeka mosavuta ngati moto wayaka.Mtundu wa chozimitsira moto wofunikira umadalira mtundu wa moto womwe ungachitike.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyenera zotetezera kuwotcherera, owotcherera amatha kudziteteza okha ndi ena m'deralo ku zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwotcherera.Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zonse zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa kuti mutsimikizire kuti malo ogwirira ntchito ali otetezeka.

Kusunga Malo Antchito Otetezeka

Kuti muteteze chitetezo pakuwotcherera, ndikofunikira kusunga zida zotsatirazi:

Chozimitsa moto:

Khalani ndi chozimitsira moto pafupi ndi ngozi yadzidzidzi.Onetsetsani kuti chozimitsira moto ndichoyenera kuzimitsa moto wophatikiza zinthu zoyaka, monga moto wa Gulu C (moto wamagetsi) ndi moto wa Gulu D (moto wophatikiza zitsulo zoyaka).

Zida Zothandizira Choyamba:

Sungani chida chothandizira choyamba chodzaza bwino pafupi kuti muteteze kuvulala kulikonse komwe kungachitike panthawi yowotcherera.Chovalacho chiyenera kukhala ndi zinthu monga mabandeji, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, gel osakaniza, magolovesi, ndi lumo.

Zoyang'anira chitetezo:

Kuwonjezera pa kuvala chisoti chowotcherera, magalasi otetezera maso angapereke chitetezo chowonjezereka cha maso ku zinyalala zowuluka kapena nyenyeswa zimene zingalambalale chisoticho.Sungani magalasi otetezera pafupi kuti muvale pakafunika.

Zofunda zowotcherera kapena makatani:

Zofunda zowotcherera kapena makatani amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchingira zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyaka pafupi ndi cheche ndi phala.Sungani zinthuzi pafupi kuti muteteze malo ozungulira komanso kupewa moto wangozi.

Zojambula zowotcherera:

Zowonetsera zowotcherera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chotchinga pakati pa malo owotcherera ndi antchito ena kapena odutsa.Amateteza ena ku zotsatira zovulaza za kuwala kowotcherera, ma radiation, ndi spark.Sungani chophimba chowotcherera pafupi kuti mukhazikitse malo otetezeka ogwirira ntchito.

Zowotcherera pliers kapena clamps:

Zowotcherera pliers kapena zomangira ndi zida zogwirizira zitsulo zotentha, kuchotsa slag, kapena kugwira zogwirira ntchito motetezeka.Sungani zida izi pafupi kuti musagwiritse ntchito manja kapena kupsa ndi moto.

Zida zodzitetezera (PPE):

Kuphatikiza pa chisoti chowotcherera, magolovesi, ndi jekete, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi PPE yotsalira.Izi zikuphatikiza ma glovu owonjezera, magalasi otetezera, zotsekera m'makutu kapena zotsekera m'makutu, ndi PPE ina iliyonse yokhudzana ndi kuwotcherera komwe kukuchitika.

Mpweya wabwino:

Mpweya wabwino wokwanira ndi wofunikira kuti muchotse utsi ndi mpweya wowotcherera pamalo ogwirira ntchito.Onetsetsani kuti makina olowera mpweya, monga mafani a utsi kapena zotulutsa fume, zili m'malo ndipo zikugwira ntchito bwino.

Mwa kusunga zida zachitetezozi pafupi, ma welder amatha kuzipeza mwachangu zikafunika, kuonetsetsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito ali otetezeka komanso kuchepetsa ngozi ya ngozi kapena kuvulala panthawi yowotcherera.

Pomaliza:

Ndikofunika kuti owotcherera adziwe zoopsazi ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zotetezera, kuphatikizapo kuvala zida zoyenera zodzitetezera, kutsatira njira zotetezeka zogwirira ntchito, ndi kulandira maphunziro okwanira, kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa kuwotcherera.